2024年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題：數(shù)詞

(一)數(shù)詞

表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞。

(二)數(shù)詞的分類(lèi)

(一)基數(shù)詞在英語(yǔ)中表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞。

1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成

(1)1-20

one,two,three,four,five,

six,seven,eight,nine,ten,

eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,

fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,

eighteen,nineteen,twenty

(2)21-99先說(shuō)“幾十”,再說(shuō)“幾”,中間加連字符

23→twenty-three,

34→thirty-four,

45→forty—five,

56→fifty-six,

67→sixty-seven,

78→seventy-eight,

89→eighty-nine,

91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先說(shuō)“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);

586→five hundred and eighty-six,

803→eight hundred and three

(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand.第二個(gè)“,”前為million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion(美式)或thousand million(英式),然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。

1,001→one thousand and one

9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion(美式)

seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)

2.基數(shù)詞的用法

(1)作主語(yǔ)

e.g.Four Of them come from Paris.

(2)作賓語(yǔ)

e.g.一How many books would you like?

一I would like two.

(3)作表語(yǔ)

e.g.Seven minus two is five.

4)作定語(yǔ)

e.g.There are three people in my family·

(5)作同位語(yǔ)

e.g. You two will go swimming with us.

(6)表具體數(shù)字時(shí),hundred,thousand,million用單數(shù)。

e.g. There are six hundred students in our grade.

(7)表不確定的數(shù)字時(shí),數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

若帶名詞,再加of hundreds of(數(shù)百,成百上千的),thousands of(數(shù)干,成千上萬(wàn)的),millions of(數(shù)百萬(wàn))

e.g,They arrived in two sand threes.他們?nèi)�三兩兩地�?lái)了。

(8)表示“…十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)可以表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。

e.g. He is in his early thirties.他有三十來(lái)歲(31—34歲):

This took place in the 1930s.這事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代;

(9)表示時(shí)刻

e.g.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.

(二)序數(shù)詞在英語(yǔ)中表示順序、次序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞。

1,序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成

(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th

e.g.four→fourth,

thirteen→thirteenth

(2)不規(guī)則變化

one→first,

two→second,

three→third,

five→fifth,

eight→eighth,

nine→ninth,

twelve--twelfth

(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th

twenty→twentieth,

forty→fortieth,

ninety→ninetieth

(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。

twenty-first,

two hundred and forty-fifth

2.序數(shù)詞的用法

(1)序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般要與定冠詞或物主代詞連用。

e.g.Tom is their second son.

He is the first one to come here.

(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)可與不定冠詞連用,表示數(shù)量上"又—",“再一”

e.g: He tried a second time.他又試了—次.

Shall l ask him a third time?還要我再問(wèn)他—次嗎?我已問(wèn)了他兩次)

(3)序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式為:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上這個(gè)詞的末尾兩個(gè)字母。

1st 2nd,3rd,

4th,20th,21st,

22nd,23rd

(4)表示年、月、日時(shí),年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。

2005年8月15:

(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;

(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005

(三)基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞都可以用來(lái)給數(shù)字編號(hào)。

No.1(1號(hào)),

No.3bus(3路公共汽車(chē)),

Room 103,(103號(hào)旁間)

The first lesson=Lesson One(第一課)

(四)分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)

分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于1時(shí),分母加s

e.g.1/3-one third;

2/5-two fifths

(五)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的表達(dá)

e.g.3+5=8

Three plus/and five is eight.

9-2=7

Nine minus two is seven.

6x5=30

Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty.

8÷2=4

Eight divided by two is four.

(六)倍數(shù)表示法

a. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you.　我有你三倍那么多。

b. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount，length…) of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.　地球是月球的49倍。

c. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+ than…

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.

今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。

d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。

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