2024年初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)分享

賓語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)主從復(fù)合句中最常見的從句之一，也是考試必考的內(nèi)容之一，賓語(yǔ)從句的用法一直是學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。

中考對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在三點(diǎn)：

1）引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞和代詞選擇；

2）賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序；

3）賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。

及要了解賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化。

賓語(yǔ)從句，說它難吧，挺容易;說它容易吧，卻總會(huì)有疏忽的地方，接下來我們一起來梳理一下吧!

賓語(yǔ)從句

在及物動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，

如：I know the man.

而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)

如：I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引導(dǎo)詞 從句

賓語(yǔ)從句：屬于名詞性從句。在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。

賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞

根據(jù)，賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類。

1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

That只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。

例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

以下動(dòng)詞后面經(jīng)常跟that賓語(yǔ)從句:

say, think, suppose, suggest, know, see, understand

等

引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略的情況

①當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是that時(shí);

②當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí);

③當(dāng)兩個(gè)或者多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句由并列連詞連接時(shí)，除第一個(gè)從句的that可以省略，其余從句的that都不可以省略。

2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。

例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

注：

①where， when， why， how等連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)

E.g：

Do you know where she lives?

你知道她住在那里嗎?

②who，which， what等連接代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等。

E.g：

Can you tell me what she is doing?

你能告訴我她正在干什么嗎?

3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，不做任何成分，但是不能省略。

例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

只能用whether不用if 的三種情況：

一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：

①與or not連用：

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

他問我是否會(huì)來。

②在介詞之后：

It depends on whether it is going to rain.

取決于是否下雨。

③在不定式之前：

We haven’t decided whether to go there.

我們還沒有決定去哪兒。

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。

例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

(2014天津)37.--- Could you tell me_____ yuanxiao in china?

--- Usually at Lantern Festival.

A.when do people eat

B.how do people eat

C.when people eat

D.how people eat

答案選C

答案解析：由答句“總是在元宵節(jié)”可知是對(duì)時(shí)間提問，因此首先排除BD，從句做tell的賓語(yǔ)，因此是考察賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序，因此排除A。.句意：你能告訴我在中國(guó)什么時(shí)候吃元宵嗎?總是在元宵節(jié)。

注：否定轉(zhuǎn)移

think, guess, suppose, believe 等且主語(yǔ)為第一人稱

當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為時(shí)，，一般將否定詞 not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語(yǔ)中，這就叫作“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。

如：

I don't think he will come this evening.

我認(rèn)為他今晚不會(huì)來。

動(dòng)詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。

如：

I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon.

我原以為他不會(huì)回來得這么快。

賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

1）如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定。

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2） 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)， 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）

。

例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3）從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

Could you tell me where the bookshop is.

4）從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍然用一般過去時(shí)。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

(2012天津)43.—Can you tell me ________?

— With Lucy’s help.

A.when you did it so well

B. when did you do it so well

C. how you did it so well

D. how did you do it so well

選C

答案解析：，考察賓語(yǔ)從句。由答句“在露西的幫助下”可知是對(duì)方式提問，因此首先排除AB，從句做tell的賓語(yǔ)，因此是考察賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序，因此排除D。答案選C.句意：你能告訴我你怎么做的這么好嗎?有露西的幫助。

賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化

簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句常用六法：

不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為。

例如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him.

→We decided to help him.

“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為。

例如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window.

→She has forgotten how to open the window.

“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

注：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為。

例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station?

→Could you tell me how to get to the station?

“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

3. 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為。

例如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化

4. 某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用。

例如：

He insisted that he should go with us.

→He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)

5. 某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為。

例如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

不定式（短語(yǔ)）來簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓��?/strong>